He was posthumously honored with Malcolm X Day, on which he is commemorated in various cities across the United States.
Speculation about the assassination and whether it was conceived or aided by leading or additional members of the Nation, or with law enforcement agencies, have persisted for decades.Ī controversial figure accused of preaching racism and violence, Malcolm X is also a widely celebrated figure within African-American and Muslim American communities for his pursuit of racial justice. Three Nation members were charged with the murder and given indeterminate life sentences in 2021, two of the convictions were vacated. On February 21, 1965, he was assassinated in New York City. Throughout 1964, his conflict with the Nation of Islam intensified, and he was repeatedly sent death threats. (MMI) and the Pan-African Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU). After a brief period of travel across Africa, he publicly renounced the Nation of Islam and founded the Islamic Muslim Mosque, Inc. He subsequently embraced Sunni Islam and the civil rights movement after completing the Hajj to Mecca, and became known as " el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz". In the 1960s, Malcolm X began to grow disillusioned with the Nation of Islam, as well as with its leader, Elijah Muhammad. Throughout his life, beginning in the 1950s, Malcolm X endured surveillance from the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).
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Malcolm X also expressed pride in some of the Nation's social welfare achievements, such as its free drug rehabilitation program. and the mainstream civil rights movement for its emphasis on nonviolence and racial integration. He was the public face of the organization for a dozen years, advocating for Black empowerment and separation of Black and white Americans, and criticizing Martin Luther King Jr. In prison he joined the Nation of Islam (adopting the name Malcolm X to symbolize his unknown African ancestral surname while discarding "the white slavemaster name of 'Little'"), and after his parole in 1952 quickly became one of the organization's most influential leaders. He engaged in several illicit activities, eventually being sentenced to 10 years in prison in 1946 for larceny and breaking and entering.
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Malcolm spent his adolescence living in a series of foster homes or with relatives after his father's death and his mother's hospitalization. A posthumous autobiography, on which he collaborated with Alex Haley, was published in 1965. A spokesman for the Nation of Islam until 1964, he was a vocal advocate for Black empowerment and the promotion of Islam within the Black community. Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little, later Malik el-Shabazz – February 21, 1965) was an African-American Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a prominent figure during the civil rights movement. 6, including Attallah, Qubilah, and Ilyasah
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